Northern Lights: All About Aurora Borealis

Up at the poles, towards the north of the north, in those magical skies, exists a goddess called Aurora Borealis!

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What is Northern Light?

The Northern Lights, or the aurora borealis, are a beautiful dancing ribbon of light and are known to enthrall the human heart for millennia.

Northern & Southern Aurora Borealis

The aurora is seen near both the northern and southern hemispheres' poles. It's called the aurora borealis in the north, while in the south, it is called the aurora australis. These lights enthralled, frightened, and inspired the human race for decades.

Causes of the Northern Lights: How Does it Form

At every moment, the sun discharges particles from its corona, or upper atmosphere; these particles become the solar wind. The aurora is born when that wind crashes into Earth's ionosphere or upper atmosphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, it's known as the Northern Lights (aurora borealis); in the Southern Hemisphere, it's known as the Southern Lights (aurora australis). "These particles are deflected toward the poles of Earth by our planet's magnetic field and interact with our atmosphere, depositing energy and causing the atmosphere to fluoresce," said Billy Teets, the director of Dyer Observatory at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. The bright colors are determined by Earth's atmospheric chemical composition.

How are the Northern Lights Formed?

Solar storms on our sun's surface push great clouds of electrically charged particles into space. Such particles can travel millions of miles, and will eventually hit Earth. Most of these particles are deflected away, but some are trapped within the magnetic field of the Earth, accelerating downwards toward the north and south poles into the atmosphere. This is the reason auroral activity is found concentrated at the magnetic poles. "These particles then smack into atoms and molecules in the Earth's atmosphere and pretty much warm them up," says Royal Observatory astronomer Tom Kerss. "We call this physical process 'excitation', but it's like heating a gas and making it glow." What we see, therefore are atoms and molecules in our atmosphere bumped into by particles from the Sun. It is those lines of force in the Earth's magnetic field that cause the characteristic wavy patterns and the 'curtains' of light.

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